asr

Video breaks a VLM on arithmetic before it breaks it on vision: one frame per second of a ten-minute clip is hundreds of thousands of image tokens. Frame selection is not preprocessing, it is the architecture, and the strongest systems index the audio first.

Live speech-to-speech translation is a latency race across three models (recognize, translate, synthesize) as audio keeps streaming in. See the streaming pipeline, how to commit partial results without flip-flopping, and the tradeoff between latency and translation quality.