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Speculative Decoding

Decoding is sequential and memory-bound, so producing each token one at a time leaves the GPU underused. Speculative decoding runs a small, fast draft model to propose several tokens ahead, then the large model checks them all in a single parallel pass, keeping the longest correct prefix. It accelerates generation without altering output quality, since the big model still validates every token. AI, ML, and GenAI engineer interviews probe it because it is a clever, widely-used latency optimization that exploits the memory-bound nature of decode.

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