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Core
Message Queues and Event Streaming
Broker queues (RabbitMQ, SQS) hand each message to one worker, wait for an ack, and delete it: built for distributing jobs. Event logs (Kafka) append events to a durable, partitioned log that many consumer groups read independently at their own offsets, with replay for free. Ordering holds only within a partition, and 'exactly-once' in practice comes down to at-least-once delivery plus idempotent consumers. AI, ML, and GenAI engineer interviews probe it because ingestion pipelines, async inference jobs, and feedback events all hang off one of these two primitives, and picking the wrong one is expensive to undo.
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